Psychiatry

Longitudinal Suicide Risk in Children and Adolescents With Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis

Ethan Littlefield

— 1 min read

PMCID: PMC12177204

PMID: 40534226

DOI: 10.1002/brb3.70618

Journal: Brain and behavior

Publication Date: 2025-6-18

Authors: Garas P, Takacs ZK, Balázs J

Key Points

  • Individuals with ADHD have a 3-4 times higher risk of suicidal behaviors compared to non-ADHD populations
  • Suicide risk varies significantly across ADHD subtypes, with combined and hyperactive/impulsive subtypes showing higher vulnerability
  • Clinicians should implement comprehensive suicide risk assessments for ADHD patients, considering individual subtype, comorbidities, and psychosocial factors

Summary

This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the long-term relationship between Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and suicidal behavior in young populations. By analyzing nine longitudinal studies encompassing participants with clinical ADHD diagnoses, the research revealed a significantly elevated risk of suicidal behaviors across multiple domains.

The meta-analysis demonstrated statistically significant and moderate odds ratios for various suicide-related outcomes: overall suicidality (OR = 3.336, 95% CI: 2.201-5.057), suicidal ideation (OR = 3.956, 95% CI: 1.996-7.841), suicide attempts (OR = 3.344, 95% CI: 1.682-6.650), and death by suicide (OR = 3.891, 95% CI: 2.103-7.198). Notably, suicide behavior was more prevalent in ADHD combined and hyperactive/impulsive subtypes, highlighting the complex and heterogeneous nature of suicide risk in this population.

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