Joint association of the newly proposed dietary index for gut microbiota and sleep disorders with survival among US adult population with diabetes and pre-diabetes

PMCID: PMC12175418

PMID: 40533747

DOI: 10.1186/s12937-025-01162-0

Journal: Nutrition journal

Publication Date: 2025-6-18

Authors: Si K, Shi C, Huang Y, Liu C, Chi J, et al.

Key Points

• High dietary quality combined with no sleep disorders is associated with substantially reduced mortality risk in diabetes/pre-diabetes patients
• Participants with DI-GM ≥6 and no sleep disorders showed 47% lower all-cause mortality and 64% lower CVD mortality
• Dietary interventions targeting gut microbiota health, coupled with sleep management, may be a promising strategy for improving metabolic disease outcomes

Summary

This comprehensive longitudinal study investigated the combined prognostic effects of dietary quality (measured by Dietary Index for Gut Microbiota, DI-GM) and sleep disorders on mortality among US adults with diabetes and pre-diabetes. Using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2007-2018), researchers analyzed 10,718 participants over a median follow-up of 13.3 years, tracking all-cause, cancer, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality.

The most striking finding was that participants with high DI-GM (≥6) and no sleep disorders experienced significantly reduced mortality risks. Specifically, this group demonstrated a 47% lower risk of all-cause mortality (HR 0.53, 95% CI: 0.38–0.79) and an even more pronounced 64% reduction in CVD mortality (HR 0.36, 95% CI: 0.19–0.65). These results suggest a potential synergistic protective effect of high-quality diet and healthy sleep patterns on long-term health outcomes in metabolic disease populations.