Mobile human brain imaging using functional ultrasound

PMCID: PMC12175903

PMID: 40532015

DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adu9133

Journal: Science advances

Publication Date: 2025-6-20

Authors: Soloukey S, Verhoef L, Mastik F, Brown M, Springeling G, et al.

Key Points

• First demonstration of stable, reproducible functional ultrasound imaging during walking in a human subject with a cranial implant
• Consistent brain activity monitoring achieved over a 20-month period, with imaging possible during high-motion activities
• Provides a promising non-invasive technique for real-time brain activity mapping that could revolutionize neurological research and rehabilitation strategies

Summary

This groundbreaking study demonstrates the feasibility of functional ultrasound imaging (fUSi) for real-time brain activity monitoring in subjects with cranial implants, specifically using a sonolucent PEEK (polyetheretherketone) cranioplasty. The researchers developed a personalized 3D-printed helmet with optical tracking to enable stable and reproducible brain imaging during dynamic activities like walking, overcoming previous limitations in mobile neuroimaging.

The study focused on two subjects, with primary data derived from a male subject who had undergone a left-sided hemicraniectomy following high-velocity trauma. Using advanced signal processing and optical tracking, the researchers successfully captured consistent hemodynamic responses in the sensorimotor cortex over 20 months, demonstrating the technique's potential for long-term, real-world brain activity monitoring. The approach not only validated fUSi's reliability but also opened new possibilities for understanding brain function during natural behaviors, with potential applications in rehabilitation, brain-computer interfaces, and neurological research.