Major Complications Associated With Cerebrospinal Fluid Collection in 11 Dogs: Clinical Presentation and Imaging Characteristics

PMCID: PMC12172569

PMID: 40526210

DOI: 10.1111/jvim.70165

Journal: Journal of veterinary internal medicine

Publication Date: 2025-6-17

Authors: Danciu C, McCarthy A, Crawford A

Key Points

• Major CSF collection complications occurred in only 0.15% of cases, but carried a high mortality rate
• 7/9 dogs had MRI evidence of cortical swelling before CSF collection, suggesting potential increased intracranial pressure
• Advanced neuroimaging and careful patient selection are crucial before performing CSF collection, especially in dogs with neurological compromise

Summary

This retrospective study examined major complications associated with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) collection in dogs over a 25-year period at a single referral hospital. Out of 7,545 CSF collections, 11 dogs (0.15%) experienced significant complications, highlighting the generally low but potentially serious risks of this diagnostic procedure. The majority of affected dogs presented with neurological abnormalities, including obtundation and decreased postural reactions, with most demonstrating multifocal neuroanatomical localization.

The study revealed critical insights into potential risk factors for CSF collection complications. Advanced imaging, particularly MRI, showed significant findings in most complicated cases, including cerebral sulci effacement, ventricular system changes, and brain herniation. Eight of the 11 dogs were ultimately euthanized, primarily due to failure to recover spontaneous ventilation or severe neurological deterioration, underscoring the potential severity of complications despite their low frequency.